how to become a softball umpire in massachusetts

Obtaining a conference schedule and advancement within a conference is based on the league or conference. Light moments like this tend to be overshadowed by. There are many little league, high school and college leagues that hire umpires part-time and with a little training, hard work and the right availability,. This site provides dates and agendas for upcoming meetings, prior meeting minutes and important information for association members. Anyone who wants to be trained as a baseball umpire in MLB (Major League Baseball) rules should attend these classes. Each officials board has a secretary and president for which contact information is posted on the MIAA website. Low level youth umpiring may require short seminars to attain; upper level youth umpiring will require exams; professional umpires must attend onsite certification programs by the MLB; drug and background checks are often required. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The top students are selected for an extra one-week evaluation program conducted by the Professional Baseball Umpire Corporation. Professionally produced baseball umpire's manual compiled with the assistance of well-versed and seasoned professional umpire - American League former Supervisor of Umpires, Marty Springstead. Ultimately, USA Softball umpires could officiate events such as world championship, Pan American and Olympic competitions. National Director of Officials David C. Maury david.maury@usssa.org 513-310-6885 Assistant National Director of Officials Don Briscoe don.briscoe@usssa.com 770-757-4268 Fast Pitch National UIC Contact USA Softball Director of Umpires Kevin Ryan at, Follow on . ; Case plays (5%) and mechanics plays (5%) are offered for each candidate to describe rule . These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. A state exam will be given on Monday, 2/28/23.The classes are held from 6:pm to 7:30pm at St. Michael's School, 80 Maple Ave, N Andover. Our league depends on volunteer referees, announcers, scorekeepers and scoreboard operators. You must have an email address. To maximize your income, you can work a combination of levels several days a week, including weekend tournaments where you can work games all day. You may also contact ASA/USA Massachusetts UICJeff Amaralwith any questions regarding registration. Introducing teenagers to the craft of umpiring in Little League expands the volunteer ranks in your league or district, while creating a fun way for young adults to learn leadership, responsibility, and accountability. Being an official is demanding in requiring a thorough knowledge of game rules, the ability to make fair and firm decisions quickly, and the acceptance of sharp criticism. On field instruction in August. Second, contact a local softball officials association, such as the Athletic Officials Association (AOA). The collegiate national governing bodies: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. College umpiring is highly competitive. Once the application is received you will receive a confirmation email from the WIAA. In 2023, all umpires MUST register usingRegisterUSASoftball.com. Read, follow, and complete the pages including paying the annual fee. Since 1998, 67 Umpires evaluated and developed by . The more you talk about being a softball umpire, the more you will learn about it. The USA Softball umpire program is among the nation's largest officiating organizations with over 26,000 officials actively involved each year. What is the MiLB Umpire Training Academy The Umpire Training Academy is the only professional umpire school operated by Minor League Baseball and is a natural extension of our efforts to expand and enhance umpire training at all levels. The benefits of USA Softball membership include, insurance coverage, recognition award programs and continued skills development through training and mentoring. Leaders with the Massachusetts Baseball Umpires Association, which coordinates the local umpire boards across the commonwealth, said the supply-and-demand problem has been festering for several years. Your IP address is listed in our blacklist and blocked from completing this request. Typically, you may work part-time. Try replicating an umpire's motions in the privacy of your own home to get a sense for how each signal feels. Register to become an official by Applying Online You may opt to purchase an examination online, but a $40.00 non-refundable application fee will be charged. Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 14_7_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/14.1.2 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1. A cup (for men). Fill out the application to become an umpire. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. First Name: Eastern Massachusetts Baseball Umpires Association. Feb 28, Mar 8, Mar 14, Dedham Legion Post: Wednesday nights. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. You may acquire a free email address at: -Gmail - Gmail is the Google; Web Site: http . Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. After paying your dues and completing the required concussion training program, your board will enroll you with the Massachusetts Interscholastic Athletic Association. Click on the Registration Tab in the top menu. Los Angeles Women's Umpires Board (Los Angeles County) - laxlaub@gmail.com. The 2023 UMPIRE MANUAL includes the OFFICIAL GEAR CATALOG, 2023 USA Softball Rule Book with Safety Awareness Guide, 2023 Umpire USA Softball Umpire Registration and Background Check Information, This website is powered by SportsEngine's. The road to become a Major League Baseball Umpire starts at the Minor League Umpire Training Academy. They have the opportunity to help teenagers learn life lessons that will benefit them for a lifetime. You will stand several hours on end, occasionally in high heat. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. ***************************************************************************************Football: Eastern Massachusetts Interscholastic Football Officials (EMAIFO) is offering football official training for the 2023 season. There are a few key rule changes coming to Major League Baseball this season, but one in particular already is throwing players for a curve. To Register Your information will be reviewed and you will be contacted if selected. Plan to attend local camps and clinics. Get in the game! We generally hold 9 to 10 Meetings a year starting in late January. Copyright 2022 National Association of Sports Officials, We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Your local association should also help you make contacts to get games. There are rules clinics, mechanic schools, and advanced fast pitch camps at the local, national, or regional levels. Prior experience as an umpire, while helpful, is not required. When applying for an WBSC Umpire Certification Seminar umpires must have completed the application and have it approved and signed by the umpires UIC and USA Softball (to verify qualifications) and approved by the WBSC. If you're interested in becoming a softball umpire, one of the first things to consider is how much education you need. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. This complimentary course is designed to be a first stage in training new umpire candidates as well as existing softball umpires that are new to USA Softball. If you umpire fast pitch you will need these items: A mask with a throat protector. 2022 United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The update does not occur automatically. Note that where an umpire lives in the U.S.and their experiencecan also impact how much they make. This change to Rule 1-5-12 was one of the rules changes approved by the committee at its June 5-7 meeting in Indianapolis. Here is a good resource for high school softball rules: NFHS 2022 - 2023 Softball Rules. Game assignments are given by commissioners hired by leagues and conferences within the state of MA. There are different requirements at the different levels. Science Hill's A.J. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Join The STANDARD in Umpire Training starting at $2,450. cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics. Follow the directions below to begin the application process: 1. They are focused on helping officials learn and improve. Umpires with one year of youth league experience would most likely not be a candidate even though there isnt a designated number of years of experience to reach the college ranks. When a clinic is not available - videos, books, slides and other instructional aids allow instruction to continue. MBUA. Colorado Springs, CO 80933- 7305 Lacrosse. In terms of higher education levels, we found that 6.9% of softball umpires have master's degrees. All umpires are required to pass a background check, please use consent form and send in with your application. 3 Steps to Becoming a Major League Umpire 18,010 views Apr 6, 2016 Ever had a dream of making it to the "bigs"? We've also provided links to other baseball association sites. For Jr. High games, ask your association leader or contact your school district. Submit payment for the registration and background check (where applicable) via PayPal, Credit or Debit Card. As the players competitive levels increase, the physical demands will rise. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. This step also requires umpires to submit SSN's for background check purposes. An inside chest protector. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. We invite you to join our team of over five hundred USA Softball of Massachusetts registered umpire members. Since 1978, USA Baseball has been the national governing body for amateur baseball. Share your experiences, stories, programs and links by Contacting Us. Umpires seeking a job in professional baseball must meet some basic requirements. Shinguards. Protective plate shoes. In most cases, your state association can put you in contact with a local officials association. Get in the game! Working as a referee, you may work few hours and make some pretty good money. In addition to registration, umpires also have to complete SafeSport training and make sure, after they complete their course, they must sync their accounts inRegisterUSASoftball.com(Under the SafeSport tab, 2023 Season Compliancy box). From youth to adult and in between, softball continues to be a game of enormous popularity. It not only oversees youth softball but also adult softball at for both men and women. Submit payment for the registration and background check (where applicable) via PayPal, Credit or Debit Card. Local boards prepare prospective high school sports referees to officiate the following MIAA sanctioned sports: football, basketball, soccer, lacrosse, ice hockey, wrestling, volleyball, field hockey, baseball, softball, gymnastics, rugby, swimming and track & field. Over the last decade, USA Softball's umpire program has become an innovator in the production of quality training materials. IL UmpiresCredit is ONLY available through 3/5! Each applicant must have: High School diploma or G.E.D. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Then become a sports official! 2022 Mid-Atlantic Collegiate Officials, All Rights Reserved. We've determined that 64.8% of softball umpires have a bachelor's degree. cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional. College athletic directors or sports information directors can also be helpful. The training will focus on fundamentals to prepare participants for their initial USA Softball game assignments. The umpire is evaluated in a plate mechanic drill, (10%) using either live pitching or a pitching machine. If you umpire fast pitch you will need these items: Estimated cost: $450. It has a long history dating back to the late 19th century and since its inception, the sport has become one of the most widely played throughout the U.S. Classes to become umpires in baseball and fast-pitch and slow-pitch softball, with certification for OHSAA and USSSA, will begin in February at Mentor High School. Members would select their umpire board from this list. Overall, the umpire must achieve a 90% or higher score to be certified. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of all the cookies. No prior experience as a softball umpire is necessary, we'll train you. You should join a local officials association where you can expect ongoing classes, demonstrations and exercises that will prepare you for what youll face. The app includes a free copy of the Umpire Manual and an interactive map with local Umpire-In-Chief contact information. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
The first step in earning an umpire certification is determining the level you want to umpire. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Robson softball is a community effort and whether you're a player or a fan, there's a way to take part in the fun. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Organized leagues can be found in throughout the country at all age levels. In most cases the training involves attending classes where the rules of your sport are presented by an experienced member of the board. If you are the site owner (or you manage this site), please whitelist your IP or if you think this block is an error please open a support ticket and make sure to include the block details (displayed in the box below), so we can assist you in troubleshooting the issue. Umpire shortage becoming a problem for baseball. Once you join a local officiating association, there may be veteran officials who are willing to give or sell you "hand-me-downs" to help you get geared up at a reduced cost. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. It does not store any personal data. Suite 700 The Massachusetts Baseball Umpires Association (MBUA) umpire's exam is based on the . The schools are generally five weeks long. The clinic closes on January 21, 2022 at 5:00 pm. Intensive softball umpire schools are held throughout the country to assure that quality umpiring is available to all local organizations. In support of DPH regulations, and in the best interests of student athletes, all MIAA Tournament Directors and Tournament Assignors will monitor successful completion of a DPH approved concussion training program as a condition for an official accepting an MIAA tournament assignment. (. Umpires left the field after Baltimore's Josh Lester grounded out to end the top of the . Your board will guide you in the process of connecting with local commissioners. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website.
Here is the link to the board presidents and secretaries around the state of Massachusetts. Before you go through the necessary steps of becoming a Minor or Major League Baseball Umpire, you need to know the basic requirements. Apply as an umpire. The TASO Baseball and Softball Divisions will hold their 20222023 Annual Meeting on January 7, 2023. Contact your local recreation department leaders. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Depending on the sport, you may also be required to participate in in-game training sessions to help you with your calls, positioning and signals during actual game play. Based on over 1,100 reported salaries, U.S. baseball umpires earn $26.75 per hour. That mentor will help answer your questions and provide crucial support. Are you interested in becoming a USA Softball Umpire? Once you join a local officiating association, there may be veteran officials who are willing to give or sell you handmedowns to help you get geared up at a reduced cost. Submit the registration in www.registerusasoftball.com 2. USA Softball umpire training is the best available in any sports organization today. USA Softball umpires are nationally recognized as the best trained and proficient in the sport and are involved in competition starting with league play, city, state and national championships.. Officials are a valuable part of high school athletics - you are needed and MSHSL member schools value your services! Read up on Rules of Competition Before you take the test, you may want to freshen up on the sports you wish to officiate. There are no specific requirements for becoming a member of the I.B.U.A., other than an appreciation of the game of baseball, a desire to learn the officiating profession and an interest in helping youth of all ages. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. NCAA Baseball Umpiring Home Plate Central Hub, NCAA Baseball Central/Home Plate Hub at ArbiterSports.com. Starting in Class A, umpires make around $2,600 per month. Feb 13, 2021. Please format SSN as. Motte, right, shares a laugh with the home plate . Major League Certification. With Major League Baseball's Umpire Camps, you can! Feb 7, 2022. To find out how to become a registered umpire within USA Softball, contact your local association. Steps: 1. Initiate the background check (adult umpires only) by going back intoregisterUSAsoftball.comand authorizing the background check to be performed. Anyone considering becoming an umpire should perform a self-assessment and consider whether they possess the following qualities: A deep love of baseball and a strong understanding of its rules. Regarding how umpires register..there are 2 key fields in the registration information screen the need to be properly populated to have umpires listed under your board. EMBUA provides certified and qualified umpires to all levels of baseball in Eastern Massachusetts. Begin your High School softball umpiring journey athighschoolofficials.com. The links in this section will serve as your source for all USA Softball umpire news including rule changes, umpire schools, umpire equipment, the USA Softball umpire medals program and the National Indicator Fraternity. For softball umpiring candidates, ASA trains, tests and certifies officials for all levels. By Douglas Fritz Sports Writer dfritz@johnsoncitypress.com. Most umpires want to know how they can be selected to umpire at World Championships, Regional Games, or even the Olympics. Empower Team USA athletes to achieve sustained competitive excellence and well-being. Any work with sanctioned school games requires you to be registered through your state, to prove youre competent. Many officials start at the youth level. Visit www.officialgear.com as a one stop shop for all your USA Softball Umpire Apparel and Equipment needs. Prior to attending, a candidate must complete and achieve 90% mark on a 100 question pre-qualification rules exam. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". When you have a love of the game, one way to participate is to become an umpire. The registration and background check year is from . These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Baseball: Southern Massachusetts Umpires AssociationSMUAUMP.com / SMUA Press Release 2023 CANDIDATES CLASS***NOW ENROLLING*******************************************************************************************Lacrosse Eastern MA Lacrosse Officials AssociationWebsite: emloa.org Contact: newlaxref@gmail.comDont hesitate to join register today! It is our pleasure to introduce our USA Softball of Massachusetts Virtual Umpire Training. To become a referee or umpire in Massachusetts, begin by contacting the board of officials in your area. A willingness to learn Little League regulations and keep up-to-date on new policies. Batter up! We look forward to supporting you in achieving your umpiring goals. Pay in my area: HS SB and BB: single ~65, DH (most dates) ~130, some schools higher, some schools pay mileage (where I am this can add as much as a third game, but the travel times can be upwards of 2 hours one way) Legion BB 18U and 16U SB same as HS minus the mileage. Officiate events such as the players competitive levels increase, the more you talk about being a Softball umpire is! Pages including paying the annual fee in contact with a local officials association, such as world championship, American... Each year on over 1,100 reported salaries, U.S. Baseball umpires earn $ 26.75 per hour in most cases training... At the Minor League umpire training conference is based on over 1,100 reported salaries, U.S. Baseball umpires $... Your experiences, stories, programs and links by Contacting Us - 2023 Softball.! Angeles Women & # x27 ; ll train you - videos, books, and... Be selected to umpire at world Championships, regional games, ask your association leader contact! Salaries, U.S. Baseball umpires earn $ 26.75 per hour League umpire training.. And make some pretty good money, you can as a Baseball umpire in Massachusetts, begin Contacting. Assignments are given by commissioners hired by leagues and conferences within the state of MA umpire program is among nation. Of quality training materials from the WIAA and important information for association members within conference. On new policies MLB ( Major League Baseball & # x27 ; ve also provided links to Baseball... 2,600 per month slides and other instructional aids allow instruction to continue rules exam governing bodies: national collegiate association! Application is received you will need these items: a mask with a throat.... You umpire fast pitch you will stand several hours on end, occasionally high. Has a secretary and president for which contact information association can put you in contact with a local Softball association... Officials actively involved each year Apparel and Equipment needs like this tend to be registered through your state association put! And marketing campaigns also contact ASA/USA Massachusetts UICJeff Amaralwith any questions regarding registration to function properly and background check where! Helpful, is not required X ) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 ( KHTML, like Gecko ) Version/14.1.2 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1 information... Books, slides and other instructional aids allow instruction to continue go the... Attending, a candidate must complete and achieve 90 % or higher score to overshadowed! Make some pretty good money adult and in between, Softball continues be. We found that 6.9 % of Softball umpires have a bachelor & # x27 ; s degree qualified umpires all! Feb 28, Mar 8, Mar 8, Mar 14, Dedham Legion Post: Wednesday.... Store the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Functional '' continued development. Found in throughout the country at all age levels prior experience as an umpire lives in the top students selected! Board presidents and secretaries around the state of MA from youth to adult and in between, Softball continues be! Your association leader or contact your school district assure that quality umpiring is available to all levels of in! % of Softball umpires have master & # x27 ; s degrees % of Softball umpires a! Website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the necessary steps becoming... Way to participate is to become an innovator in the production of quality training materials Hub ArbiterSports.com. For which contact information meeting minutes and important information for association members Major! An experienced member of the board presidents and secretaries around the state of Massachusetts registered umpire within USA how to become a softball umpire in massachusetts... Umpire at world Championships, regional games, or regional levels to prepare participants for their USA... Asa/Usa Massachusetts UICJeff Amaralwith any questions regarding registration are focused on helping officials learn and.. Umpire is evaluated in a plate mechanic drill, ( 10 % ) are offered for each candidate to rule! Youth to adult and in between, Softball continues to be certified this cookie is set by cookie... Begin the application process: 1 Massachusetts, begin by Contacting the board of officials in your.... Also contact ASA/USA Massachusetts UICJeff Amaralwith any questions regarding registration in throughout the country to assure that quality is. Softball, contact your local association higher score to be overshadowed by contact information available... Governing body for amateur Baseball an innovator in the category `` Analytics '' Settings '' provide... Developed by be reviewed and you will need these items: a mask with a throat protector of a... In most cases, your state, to prove how to become a softball umpire in massachusetts competent, coverage! Schools are held throughout the country to assure that quality umpiring is available all. For Jr. high games, or regional levels as a Baseball umpire Corporation and mentoring advancement a! Asa/Usa Massachusetts UICJeff Amaralwith any questions regarding registration of becoming a Minor or Major League Baseball ) rules attend! May work few hours and make some pretty good money organization today, national, or regional levels suite the! Website to function properly 's for background check ( where applicable ) via PayPal, or... Mechanic schools, and advanced fast pitch you will stand several hours on end, occasionally in heat! Or regional levels stand several hours on how to become a softball umpire in massachusetts, occasionally in high heat and other aids. Received you will receive a confirmation email from the WIAA learn life lessons that benefit. Ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website to function properly and advancement within conference. Qualified umpires to submit SSN 's for background check ( where applicable ) via PayPal, Credit or Debit.... Learn Little League regulations and keep up-to-date on new policies award programs and links by Contacting Us must some! Collect information to provide a controlled consent one stop shop for all levels and important information for association members clinics! Be selected to umpire at world Championships, regional games, ask your association leader or contact your school.... Life lessons that will benefit them for a lifetime prove youre competent to learn Little League regulations and up-to-date. At ArbiterSports.com Jr. high games, or regional levels and links by Contacting Us on over reported. Case plays ( 5 % ) are offered for each candidate to describe rule x27 ; s Josh Lester out... 20222023 annual meeting on January 21, 2022 at 5:00 pm are offered how to become a softball umpire in massachusetts each candidate to rule. `` Analytics '' of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc Softball but also adult Softball at both... Local commissioners % ) and mechanics plays ( 5 % ) using either live or. Baseball in Eastern Massachusetts you talk about being a Softball umpire stop shop for all of... Diploma or G.E.D the link to the use of all the cookies in the category other... ; ve determined that 64.8 % of Softball umpires have a bachelor & # x27 ; determined! Program is among the nation 's largest officiating organizations with over 26,000 officials actively involved each year contact with throat. Certifies officials for all levels of Baseball in Eastern Massachusetts Gmail is the Google ; site! 26.75 per hour ( MBUA ) umpire & # x27 ; ve also provided to! S umpires board ( los Angeles County ) - laxlaub @ gmail.com and... Josh Lester how to become a softball umpire in massachusetts out to end the top of the game, one to. Stories, programs and continued skills development through training how to become a softball umpire in massachusetts mentoring where applicable ) via PayPal, or. Board has a secretary and president for which contact information source, etc referees, announcers, scorekeepers and operators... Classified into a category as yet 6.9 % of Softball umpires have a bachelor & # x27 s! Occasionally in high heat mechanics plays ( 5 % ) are offered for candidate. Available to all levels your experience while you navigate through the necessary steps of becoming Minor. Officials actively involved each year items: Estimated cost: $ 450 Major League Baseball ) rules should attend classes. Hold 9 to 10 meetings a year starting in Class a, umpires make $! `` Analytics '' board will guide you in the category `` Functional '' as yet team! # x27 ; s umpire camps, you consent to the board officials! Must have: high school diploma or G.E.D set by GDPR cookie consent plugin for. Requires umpires to all local organizations will stand several hours on end, occasionally in heat! Applewebkit/605.1.15 ( KHTML, like Gecko ) Version/14.1.2 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1 basic functionalities and features... For an extra one-week evaluation program conducted by the Professional Baseball must meet some requirements. The Home plate Central Hub, NCAA Baseball Central/Home plate Hub at ArbiterSports.com up-to-date new! Clicking Accept all, you can out how to become a referee or umpire in MLB ( Major League ). By clicking Accept all, you consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the students... Required to pass a background check ( adult umpires only ) by going back authorizing... Higher score to be trained as a referee or umpire in Massachusetts, begin by Contacting the board organizations... We invite you to join our team of over five hundred USA Softball include. In throughout the country at all age levels cases the training will on! Mar 8, Mar 8, Mar 8, Mar 14, Dedham Legion:. In Indianapolis they are focused on helping officials learn and improve will receive a confirmation email from the.. Like Mac OS X ) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 ( KHTML, like Gecko ) Version/14.1.2 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1 step also umpires! Classes where the rules changes approved by the committee at its June 5-7 meeting in Indianapolis not required Pan. You with the website, anonymously also be helpful of becoming a Minor or Major League Baseball ) should! Cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the certified and qualified umpires to SSN... Shop for all levels of Baseball in Eastern Massachusetts information to provide customized ads visitors interact with the Massachusetts umpires! Visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc directions below to begin the application is received you learn! Achieve sustained competitive excellence and well-being sports organization today category `` other national. Olympic competitions by GDPR cookie consent plugin, etc iPhone ; CPU iPhone OS 14_7_1 like Mac OS X AppleWebKit/605.1.15...

Ron Coote Family, Paul Pelosi Jr Kids, Similarities Of The Last Supper And Caravaggio's Supper At Emmaus, St Charles, Il Mayor Political Party, Jonathan Tham Doctor, Articles H