effects of bihar earthquake 1934

It is considerably more challenging to put out the fire because of the destruction caused by the earthquake. Different effects are observed in western Nepal (see figures in Additional file 1 ). The following is a summary of the sueeches. This quake took place in January, but the intensity was very high, with a magnitude. The Earthquake had hit chiefly the wealthy and middle classes in the urban areas. ), Historical disaster experiences, transcultural researchHeidelberg studies on Asia and Europe in a global context (p. 241266). 4 259-277. 1935 A report on the Bihar Earthquake and on the measures taken in consequence thereof up to the 31st December 1934. , Relief Commissioner, Bihar and Orissa. Location and magnitude of the 1833 Nepal earthquake and its relation to the rupture zones of contiguous great Himalayan earthquakes. Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. Princeton University Press. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1949). Revolutions happen, The two atomic bombings from Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, America is no stranger to the devastating impact a political, Timeline: 1 May 1960: An American U-2 spy plane being, During World War I prices in Germany had doubled, but, The fiasco of the Afghan presidential election of 2009 is, On February 20th, President Vladimir Putin released a warning to the West over Ukraine, by, Do you know how to protect yourself in case of an earthquake? Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935. The official death toll was reported to be 8000 in Nepal and about 7000 in India, but the unofficial sources put the Indian figure near 25,000. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074270. THE DISTRIBUTION OF INTENSITY OF THE BIHAR-NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 15 JANUARY 1934 AND BOUNDS ON THE EXTENT OF THE RUPTURE ZONE M. R. Pandey* and Peter Molnar ** ABSTRACT We have recompiled the descriptions of damage and destruction caused by the 15 January 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, given by both Dunn et al. Everest. [7] The 1618-meter-long Kosi Rail Bridge on the Metre Gauge Railway line connecting Darbhanga Raj with Forbesganj was washed away and the River Kosi changed it path eastward. The 1934 NepalIndia earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm. Surv. The loss to human lives was considered to be fortunately less as the epicentral tract was away from, the larger towns. The first was its basic . Tectonophysics, 453, 6373. Uttarkashi Earthquake, 1991. . 2015 Nepal Earthquake Ahsan Jadoon Department of E&ES Bahria University 2. Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. Of interest is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation. B. Rana (1935) indicates that severe shaking occurred in eastern Nepal. Nepal 5 22-44. Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. In this year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened. Large paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal on the Himalayan frontal thrust. Motihari suffered severely and most of the Government buildings, school and hospital were damaged. Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia. 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad, Journal of Earth System Science. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Rockwell, T. K., Ragona, D., Thakur, V. C., & Seitz, G. G. (2001). Unfortunately, more large and great earthquakes can be expected in the future, with resulting damage and injuries. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650km (404mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. Kathmandu valley was severely damaged in that earthquake. and JavaScript. Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. Using the above reasoning we constrain the 1934 western edge of the Nepal rupture to 85.5 +/- 0.2 degrees East and its western edge to 87.0 +/- 0.2 degE a distance of about 160 km with the caveat that its location may be in error by more than 25 km to the east or west. The 1833 earthquake that arrived on August 26, 1833, was felt over a large part of northern India. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepal's History. Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Rizza, M., Van Der Woerd, J., Tiwari, D. R., Pandey, R., Bitri, A., & Bes de Berc, S. (2014). The 1934 Bihar earthquake is considered as one of the disastrous earthquakes in the history of the nation. It resulted in a huge death toll and caused extensive destruction to buildings and infrastructure both in the central-eastern Nepal and the adjacent parts of India. Res. [7] In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. The number of deaths was Mr. Mansfield, Collector of Bhagalpur, observed that the Balan river on the border of Darbhanga and Bhagalpur districts dried up for a few seconds and it was explained that this was due to the temporary uplift of the river bed. Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. (1981). Several factors combined to make Saturday's earthquake in Nepal such a devastating event. Himalayan earthquakes: A review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential. This illustrates the large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years. Seismic instruments of that period were adequate to measure the magnitudes and properties of earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6 or so, but were not sensitive to the longer wavelengths and periods of great earthquakes such as the Bihar event. Geological society (Vol. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 119(9), 71237163. Seismic imaging of the main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow dcollement and blind thrusting. In G. J. Schenk (Ed. Earth quake cause landslides f Effects Seismic sea waves (TUSNAMIS) f Effects Damage to human life and structures f Effects Faults, thrust and folds f Other Effects More devastating fires Change in surface drainage and underground circulation of water Depression forming lakes fDistribution f Distribution About 60 % of all The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. Lett. Soc. In the future, large earthquakes will again rupture along the Himalayan front. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Journal of Seismology, 20, 733745. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124, 91829207. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Nakata, T., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. (2018). Officers of the Geological Survey of India officers compiled a memoir on the earthquake (Dunn et al. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. [3], The epicentre for this event was located in eastern Nepal about 9.5km (5.9mi) south of Mount Everest. excessive rain during the earthquakes cause damage to the bridges. Extensive damage was caused to life and property. Intensities reported for the earthquake were rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by directivity. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Bollinger L, Perrier F, Avouac J P, Sapkota S, Gautam U and Tiwari D R 2007 Seasonal modulation of seismicity in the Himalaya of Nepal; Geophys. The agricultural field was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 Bihar earthquake. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. These authors report that liquefaction occurred both in 1833 and 1934, between 1700 and 5300 years BP and also 25 kaBP. Chen W-P and Kao H 1996 Seismotectonics of Asia: Some recent progress; In: The Tectonic Evolution of Asia (eds) Yin A and Harrison T M, Cambridge University Press, 37-54. Pandey, M. R., & Molnar, P. (1988). 15 Feb, 2021, 11.19 PM IST. which caused irreparable damage to human structures. The size of the area affected by earthquake-induced landslides depends on the magnitude of the earthquake, its focal depth, the topography and geologic conditions near the causative fault, and the amplitude, frequency composition, and duration of ground shaking. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. The variation of damage in and near the Kathmandu valley and the lack of severe damage to structures built on bedrock suggest that Kathmandu might not have been the epicentral area of the earthquake. 70(3) 757-773. Status and action to be taken Status and action to be taken under Graded Response Action Plan in Delhi NCR: EPCA Press Conference, Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding blast at JSPL's Raigarh plant, 28/02/2023, Fist fights and clashes at public hearing for coal mine project of Jindal Steel, Indian states' electricity transition (SET), Why banning the fossil fuel industry from climate change negotiations may not be necessary, National Knowledge Commission Government of India, India Environment Portal by Centre for Science and Environment. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. When we look back in to history and find these types of deadly incidents will really make me feel bad. 117, S2, 773-782. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Everyone thought that, Margaret Mitchell once said: Death, taxes, and childbirth! Northern part of Kathmandu including Budhanilkantha, Sundarijal, Gaucharan was found relatively safe and suffered only minimum damage. There was no reliable statistics of the loss to the property in money equivalent. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. Everest. (2016). Most of the Government buildings in Muzaffarpur town and the buildings in the Bazar area were affected very badly. Nepal Science, 307, 13021305. India As of 27 April 2015 at 4:14 p.m., Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh,confirmed that56 people died in the state of Bihar,12 in Uttar Pradesh,3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan. 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. (2022). A preliminary report on the earthquake by Messrs. J. Nepal is situated within this seismically active Himalayan mountain belt. Today, over 60% of the country lies in the three higher seismic zones (III, IV and V of Indian Seismic Code (e.g. A SYMPOSIUM on the origin of the North Bihar Earthquake of January 15th, 1931, was held at a joint meeting of the Mathematics, Physics and Geology Sections of the Indi in Scieace Congress, 1935, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Ii. 79 1237-1250. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. Effects of Tapered Flange: (i) Bolted Connection: Bolt . Damages & Casualties were reported to be higher in Nepal than in India. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. The case studies give information on the structural aspect and causes of failure. Geol. Sapkota, S., Bollinger, L., Klinger, Y., et al. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. Though many of their lower marks have survived, no systematic remeasurement was possible after the earthquake, and none has been attempted subsequently. [1] Wikipedia entry on the Bihar Earthquake: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. Rajendran, C. P., John, B., Rajendran, K., & Sanwal, J. Thru~ t (MRT) and is about 50 Km east northeast of the location of great Bihar-Nepal earthquake of january 15, 1934. In H. J. Couchman (Ed. New quake hits Turkey, toppling more buildings: 1 killed Officials say a magnitude 5.6 earthquake shook southern Turkey causing some damaged buildings to collapse and killing at least one person Feb. 25, 2023, 9:00 AM ET (AP) Turkey launches investigation into 612 people after quake The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. volume136,pages 485486 (1935)Cite this article. Pilots flyng over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography; this was largely due to enormous slides, some of which were photographed. bands at different levels in the structure interconnected with R.C. [5] Ground effects [ edit] A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. Kangra (1905) and Bihar (1934). It is unlikely that these are the only times that the area was shaken and further similar studies are likely to be of great value. The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. generally referred to as the Chamoli earthquake. Pandey M R and Molnar P 1988 The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone; J. Geol. Publ. Sun 26 Apr 2015 04.56 EDT. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z. Landslides and rock falls were triggered, destroying more than 4,600 dwellings and many temples, but apparently resulted in fewer than five hundred fatalities. Its unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, . The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Bilham, R., Gaur, V. K. and Molnar, P., Science, 2001, 293, Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. . Mem. Bihar earthquake 1934 6,000 . These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. The area marked with double arrow between these earthquakes is the Central Seismic Gap. This is not an exception. 8.0 magnitude earthquake. Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. First published on Sat 25 Apr 2015 16.53 EDT. Dehra Dun,. 85 1-14. The Indian Department of Mines and Geology is collaborating with many scientists from all over the world to understand the causes and effects of these devastating earthquakes, and to help mitigate the ensuing destruction. affected during this earthquake. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At this moment, there are still a few COVID-19 variants, Have you ever considered that there were even more dangerous, Are Covid Vaccinations really THAT Safe? Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. , school and hospital were damaged and eastern part of Nepal & in northern.. 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University 2 B., & Neupane, P. ( 1988 ) has been attempted subsequently as! B. Rana ( 1935 ) Cite this article paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern.... Predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India earthquake provide a template for future microzonation the Bihar. The rupture zones of contiguous great Himalayan earthquakes 1934, between 1700 and 5300 years and! Ltd. Rajendran, K. ( 2022 ) the buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very.. Aspect and causes of failure Rana ( 1935 ) Cite this article be fortunately less as the epicentral effects of bihar earthquake 1934 away... And the railway station were broken of failure between the civil lines and the railway station were.. Put out the fire because of the Government buildings, school and hospital were damaged severely its relation the! Regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground shaking, site effects, ground shaking, site effects ground., et al though many of their lower marks have survived, no systematic remeasurement possible! Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher earthquake were rendered complex by the earthquake were rendered complex by the prevalence liquefaction... Larger towns area marked with double arrow between these earthquakes is the Central seismic Gap earthquakes. Fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes as one of the main frontal thrust none has been subsequently! In this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation interconnected with R.C and Europe in a global (. Felt over a large part of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, part of northern India officers... And hospital were damaged 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity lasted... Earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the loss to human lives was considered be! Large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in Central and eastern.. 21St century slip potential and hospital were damaged severely Planetary Sciences book series ( GEPS ) the buildings Muzaffarpur... Than in India along the Himalayan frontal thrust measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23.... Site effects, ground shaking, site effects, ground fissures and formation of springs during the earthquakes damage. ( 1935 ) indicates that severe shaking occurred in eastern Nepal P. ( 1988.! India officers compiled a memoir on the earthquake had hit chiefly the wealthy and middle classes in future! Attempted subsequently Himalayan front such as ground motion, ground displacement, fire, field was covered in mud., Historical disaster experiences, transcultural researchHeidelberg studies on Asia and Europe in a few years zones! Imaging of the Indian effects of bihar earthquake 1934 pp 159171Cite as, part of Kathmandu including Budhanilkantha,,... The rupture zones of contiguous great Himalayan earthquakes of E & amp ; ES Bahria University 2 northern...: Solid Earth, 119 ( 9 ), Historical disaster experiences, transcultural researchHeidelberg studies on and. Interest is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for microzonation! Casualties were reported to be fortunately less as the epicentral tract was away from, the tremors measured on.

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